HUMAN PROGRESS DEPENDS ON REVOLUTIONS
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS -
CHANGE THE WAY WE SEE THE LAWS OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD
SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS -
CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE WITH EACH OTHER
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS -
CHANGE THE WAY WE MANUFACTURE PRODUCTS
INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS -
CHANGE THE WAY WE ACCESS DATA
POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS -
CHANGE THE WAY WE GOVERN OURSELVES
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
1. LASTED 1O YEARS IT WAS A TIME OF CHAOS AND TYRANNY AS WELL AS REFORM AND IDEALISM - IN FRANCE IT BEGAN ON JULY 14TH 1789 WITH A PUBLIC ATTACK ON THE BASTILLE A PRISON THAT HELD PUBLIC PRISONERS - STILL CELEBRATED IN FRANCE AS BASTILLE DAY (REMEMBER FOR FUTURE TRAVEL)
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN ?
1. KING LOUIS XVI HAD HELPED THE AMERICAN COLONISTS FIGHT THEIR REVOLUTION IN AMERICA 1776 - HE WANTED TO REDUCE THE POWER OF THE BRITISH - THE AMERICANS APPRECIATED THE HELP THE FRENCH PEOPLE DID NOT AS THEY WERE TAXED HEAVILY FOR THE INTERVENTION
2. NOBLES AND CLERGY PAID NO TAX - THE POORIST PEOPLE CARRIED THE HEAVIEST BURDEN
3. THE FRENCH PEOPLE DEMANDED THAT LOUIS XVI SHARE POWER, REDISTRIBUTE WEALTH AND REDUCE TAXES
4. POOR HARVESTS AT THIS TIME INCREASED FAMINE - MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WERE GOING HUNGRY
5. AS FOOD SHORTAGES INCREASED RIOTS BEGIN IN THE STREETS
6. THE FRENCH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ( THE NOBLES THE CLERGY AND THE MIDDLE CLASS) PRODUCED A NEW CONSTITUTION TO LIMIT THE KINGS POWER IN AN EFFORT TO APPEASE THE RIOTING
7. OTHER EUROPEAN MONARCHS WERE HORRIFIED THEY SENT ARMIES TO HELP THE KING - THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DECLARED WAR ON THESE OTHER MONARCHS
8. WHEN THE WAR STARTED TO GO BADLY THE PEOPLE STORMED THE PALACE AND CAPTURED THE KING WHO WAS FINALLY EXECUTED
9. A REIGN OF TERROR LED BY MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE FOLLOWED - ALL ENEMIES OF THE REVOLUTION WERE EXECUTED BY THE GUILLOTINE
Liberté, égalité, fraternité - LIBERTY EQUALITY FRATERNITY motto of the revolution
THE REVOLUTION WOULD FINALLY END IN 1799 WHEN NAPOLEAN CAME TO POWER.
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THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR/REVOLUTION
1. ELIZABETH 1st DIED IN 16O3 - SHE DIED WITHOUT CHILDREN HER CROWN WENT TO HER COUSIN IN SCOTLAND JAMES STUART - KING JAMES BELIEVED HE RULED BY DEVINE RIGHT AND SO DID HIS SON CLARLES 1st WHO CLASHED WITH THE BRITISH PARLIMENT (WHO REPRESENTED THE PEOPLE) PARLIMENT WAS FINALLY DISSOLVED BY THE KING
2. THIS CAUSED A POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE KING AND PARLIMENT - A CIVIL WAR BEGAN IN 16O4
3. OLIVER CROMWELL LED THE PARLIMENTARY FORCES FINALLY OVER THROWING THE MONARCH AND THEN BEHEADING HIM.
4. AFTER THE WAR OLIVER CROMWELL RULED ENGLAND THROUGH PARLIMENT
5. AFTER CROMWELL DIED THE MONARCHY WAS RESTORED IN 166O WITH THE SON OF KING CHARLES 1st - CHARLES II - WHO WAS A POPULAR MONARCH HIS BROTHER JAMES II WAS NOT WHO WAS A CATHOLIC AND BEHAVED LIKE AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH
6. THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT WANTED A PROTESTANT KING - IN 1688 THEY INVITED JAMES'S PROTESTANT DAUGHTER MARY AND HER HUSBAND WILLIAM OF ORANGE TO OVERTHROW JAMES II - THIS WAS DONE CHARLES II FLED TO FRANCE
7. WILLIAM AND MARY WERE GIVEN THE THRONE AS LONG AS THEY ACEPTED THE PARLIMENTARY BILL OF RIGHTS GRANTING POWER TO THE ENGLISH PARLIMENT
8. IN 1689 ENGLAND BECAME A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHCY
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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1. BY 175O 2 MILLION PEOPLE LIVED IN THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA
A COLONY IS A TERRITORY RULED BY A DISTANT NATION - IE ENGLAND
2. THERE WAS NO PARLIMENTARY REPRESENTATION FOR THESE COLONIES IN THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT
3. UNDER BRITISH LAW THERE COULD BE NO TAXATION WITHOUT PARLIMENTARY REPRESENTATION - THE COLONISTS RESENTED THE FACT THAT THEY WERE BEING TAXED - THE BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773
4. AMERICAN COLONISTS PROTESTED WITH LEADERS LIKE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND THOMAS JEFFERSON WHO ADMIRED THE ENLIGHTENED THINKERS LIKE JOHN LOCKE (WHO BELIEVED THAT A PARLIMENT SHOULD GOVERN FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE)
5. A REBELLION WAS PLANNED IN 1775 A REVOLUTION WAS STARTED IN LEXINGTON AND CONCORD TOWNS NEAR BOSTON
6. IN 1776 THE 13 NORTH AMERICAN STATES DECLARED INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITISH RULE - WITH THE AID OF THE FRENCH
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WHAT POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS HAVE IN COMMON
1. THEY SEEK HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE FACE OF INJUSTICE
2. THEY SEEK A SEPARATION BETWEEN CHURCH AND MONARCH
3. THEY SEEK REPRESENTATION IN A PARLIMENT ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE
4. THEY SEEK TO DECENTRALISE POWER FROM ONE PERSON OR INSTITUTION
5. REVOLUIONARIES ARE OFTEN EMPOWERED BY THE NEW TECHNOLOGY OF THE TIMES
6. THEY SEEK FREE SPEECH
7. THEY SEEK PROGRESS FOR SOCIETY
8. THEY GENERALLY OVERTHROW INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE BEEN IN PLACE A LONG TIME eg THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AFTER 3OO YRS OF TZARIST RULE
9. ALL REVOLUTIONS BEGIN WITH AN 'IDEA' AND DISSATISFACTION WITH THE STATUS QUO
1O. THE KEY TO ALL REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS IS COMMUNICATION
REMEMBER PROGRESS COMES FROM
CURIOSITY - COMMUNICATION - CREATIVITY - COMPLEXITY
CLASS ASSIGNMENT
1. WHAT HAPPENED IN CUBA IN 1959
2. WHAT KIND OF REVOLUTION HAPPENED IN THE 196O'S IN ENGLAND AND THE USA ?
3. WHAT WAS THE ARAB SPRING OF 2O1O?
4. GET YOUR WORLD HISTORY NOTE BOOKS UP TO DATE - EXAM FEBRUARY 2OTH
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